Found on Mind Control Newsgroup:
From:
Subject: Radio Transmitting -nano-computer chips
Date: 8 Jan 1996 23:31:13 GMT

Greetings,
I 'm looking for references related to a extremely small designed computer chip/circuitry which is activated remote by microwave. Essentially a passive device capable of transmitting a signal/frequency to a remote site. Also, If anyone could provide perhaps esoteric references, journals related to current technology of miniaturized computer chips.

For example:

PHYSICS NEWS UPDATE
The American Institute of Physics Bulletin of Physics News
Number 236: August 7, 1995 by Phillip F. Schewe and Ben Stein

A SILICON DEVICE FOR TRIGGERING ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN A NERVE CELL
has been constructed, opening possibilities for two-way, non-toxic
communication between computer chips and nerve cells. Previous
devices for stimulating nerve cells were metallic devices generating
ordinary electric currents. Not only do such devices have
corrosion-prone electrodes, but their currents create
electrochemical byproducts and heat that could damage the nerve
cells and themselves. The silicon device, constructed by
researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in
Germany, contains a "stimulation spot" that triggers neural
activity simply through the rearrangement of electric charge.
Insulated by silicon oxide, the stimulation spot has a size
(between 10 and 50 microns) matched to that of a leech nerve
cell to which it is connected. A voltage pulse applied to the
spot rearranges electric charge on the silicon oxide film and
the insulating membrane of the nerve cell, creating a buildup
of positive charge in the nerve cell which causes it to fire
above a certain threshold. The silicon device is capable of
triggering a single nerve cell without affecting other nearby
neurons. The device complements the previously designed "neuron
transistor," which receives ionic signals from nerve cells
and transcribes them to electronic signals in silicon. "These
two devices join the two worlds of information processing, the
silicon world of the computer and the water-world of the brain,"
says the Max Planck Institute's Peter Fromherz
(). Developing this device for
biomedical applications, such as computer-controlled artificial
limbs, is not envisioned at the present moment, as researchers
will first need to build and understand devices that interact
with connective tissue and other non-neuronal cells in the body.
(Peter Fromherz and Alfred Stett, upcoming article in Physical
Review Letters; text and figures are available from AIP Public
Information, , .)

"NEWS ON-LINE": A NOVA SCOTIA PERSPECTIVE

by Elaine Peers, Moira MacPherson and Peter Kidd

There are so many interesting things happening in the world of Parkinsons that we don't know for sure where to start. With all the mass media coverage, everyone is interested in the inside story, on "pallidotomy"; so we'll update you on that. Of course most everyone in the Maritimes has heard that another three years of studying the technology of implanting neural tissues into the brain has begun again at the Victoria General Hospital. Dr. Mendez is the newly arrived neurosurgeon who will lead the "transplant team". He has studied fetal tissues implanting (as well as pallidotomy) in Sweden with the surgical teams which are leading the World in both of these surgical techniques.

"Spare Parts From The Unborn?: The Ethics of Fetal Tissue
Transplantation" (an article from the Christian Research
Journal, Fall 1991, page 28) by Scott B. Rae.
The Editor-in-Chief of the Christian Research Journal is
Elliot Miller.

-------------

On November 10, 1988, surgeons at the University of Colorado
Medical Center implanted fetal brain cells into the brain of a
52-year-old victim of Parkinson's disease, Don Nelson.[1]
Following the surgery, Nelson reported some improvement in his
ability to walk and speak. Since more conventional treatments had
not been effective, the use of human fetal tissue was the only
option left for alleviating some of the symptoms of Nelson's
Parkinson's disease. However, the tissue was taken from a fetus who
had been aborted for birth control reasons.

There is currently great excitement in the medical community
about the prospects of fetal tissue transplantation. Abraham
Lieberman of the New York University Medical Center put it this
way: "Fetal tissue transplantation is to medicine as superconductivity
is to physics."[2] Yet, Arthur Caplan, Director of the Center for Biomedical
Ethics at the University of Minnesota, has called the ethical dimensions of
this issue "the ticking time bomb of medical ethics."[3] Although no one
denies the urgent need to help people suffering from degenerative diseases,
serious questions are being raised about the source of the tissue.

Fetal tissue transplants are actually part of a long-established tradition of
using fetal cells in research. For example, the 1954 Nobel Prize for Medicine
was awarded for a polio vaccine that was developed from fetal kidney cells. In
addition, fetal cells were used in the production of a widely used vaccine for
measles.[4] In the early use of fetal cells, however, the _source_ of the cells
was limited to spontaneous abortions and ectopic pregnancies (see glossary),
not elective abortions done for birth control purposes.

Fetal tissue is a good source of transplant material due to its potential for
growth, its ability to differentiate (see glossary), and its ability to integrate
into the recipient. It is also less subject to rejection in the transplant process.
[5] In addition, it is currently in high supply.

There are many potential uses for fetal tissue transplants, but
the focus to date has been on the treatment of Parkinson's disease
and diabetes. Using Parkinson's disease as an example, where the
technology is most advanced, here is how a transplant of fetal
tissue alleviates some of the symptoms:[6] Parkinson's disease
affects the part of the brain known as the substantia nigra. When
the neurons there begin to disintegrate, the production of dopamine
is impaired. This is the chemical that is necessary for the brain
to generate both the walking and speaking functions. As a result,
the patient experiences motor difficulty, rigidity, tremor, and
even dementia, eventually rendering him or her unable to carry on
any normal functions. As is the case with all neurological
diseases, the tissue that is destroyed cannot be renewed. To treat
the disease, the brain tissue from a human fetus is transplanted
into the brain of the patient and within weeks the tissue begins to
secrete dopamine. This represents an alternative to the customary
drug therapy that contains dopamine or stimulates greater dopamine
release from the existing healthy tissue in the brain.[7]

At present, there is adequate available tissue from elective
abortions to meet the need of Parkinson's disease patients.[8]
However, should the technology develop as anticipated and be
effective in treating a wide variety of degenerative diseases, the
amount of tissue would fall far short of the demand.[9]
-------------------------------------------------------------------
From: (Chuck Narad)
Date: 19 Dec 1995 00:15:25 GMT
Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc. Mountain View, CA
Newsgroups: rec.scuba
Message-ID: <4b506t$>
References: 1 2

In article <4b4asl$>, writes:
>
> In my search for info about spinal cord injuries, I read that 14.2% of all
> spinal cord injuries resulting in paralysis were sports related, with 66%
> of the sports related injuries due to "diving". My first thought was that
> this referred to "high" diving (i.e. from a diving board), but after reading
> Richard's post and its reference to another diver who was paralyzed, I'm
> not sure. (I'm still working on developing a more detailed statistical
> breakdown)

I suspect that whoever gathered the statistics mixed the two,
so you'll have to go back to the source of the data in order to
properly sort them. If any hard numbers were involved, the DAN
diving accident statistics for the same years might be applied
to get a close approximation. My brother was a spinal patient,
and while he was in the hospital and afterwards I've met many
people with spinal injuries, and quite a few of them were
related to diving-board type diving (into pools, rivers, etc.)
I suspect, although I could be wrong, that most of those in
the "diving" category are this variety and not from DCS.

I'm speaking U.S.-centric, of course. In Honduras, for
example, lobster divers who work all day at depth, often without
pressure or depth gauges, often at depths exceeding 100', are
highly prone to DCS and many are paralyzed as a result. I don't know
if DAN's report includes cases like that; since most visit a chamber
(e.g. Roatan), they might be included.

> Due to my personal ignorance, I didn't realize that DCS could cause spinal
> cord injuries until I came across Richard's article. This was not
> stressed in any of the diver education which I have had (although it may
> have been mentioned, and I've just forgotten). I'm definitely not trying
> to scare people into thinking that scuba diving is unsafe, because I enjoy
> diving, and intend to continue diving whenever I get the chance.
>
> I would love to hear from anyone who reads this post who has had a
> personal experience with paralysis or some loss of bodily control due to a
> scuba diving related injury. I will use this information for research
> purposes only (i.e., I am NOT a lawyer).

again, DAN is the main agency that gather statistics on scuba-related
injuries. you can contact them and purchase their annual
accident report, which includes considerable detail.

regards,
chuck/

-----------------------------------------------------------
| Chuck Narad -- diver/adventurer/engineer |
| |
| "The universe is full of magical things, patiently |
| waiting for our wits to grow sharper." |
| |
| -- Eden Phillpotts |
| |
-----------------------------------------------------------

From: Andrew Schumacher <>
Date: 9 Dec 1995 17:48:33 GMT
Organization: University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine
Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience
Message-ID: <4aci5h$>
References: 1

David:

I'm not familiar with the article you refer to, but I suspect that it may have been about the inhibition of neurite outgrowth by CNS myelin. It's one of the suspected factors which distinguish the peripheral nervous system (which can regenerate) from the central nervous system (which can't).
Secondly, I would strongly warn you against attaching much credence to info about medical science gleaned from news stories. I've been stunned in the past by articles I've read in the newspaper about spinal cord injury research (which I know something about because it's what my PhD is on). They weren't just off base, they were downright false and misleading.

Andrew
Editor Note: Good Advice.
......................................

P. Andrew Schumacher
Playfair Neuroscience Unit mc 12-411
The Toronto Hospital, Western Div.
399 Bathurst Street
Toronto CANADA M5T 2S8

416/ (voice)
416/ (fax)

From: Yusuf Yazar <>
Date: 12 Dec 1995 20:52:37 GMT
Organization: CompuServe, Inc. ()
Newsgroups: sci.med
Message-ID: <4akq2m$bhb$>

My 11 years old daughter has a spinal cord problem. For the time
being she is very healthy. But, we are anxious for her future.
Here I am going to try to describe her problem briefly. Any kind
of information may be helpful for us. So, please do not overlook
any information to mail. Here is the problem: There is a
protruding bone on her vertebrae (towards and crossing the spinal
cord). As I saw on the x-ray film this protrusive bone forced the
spinal cord to continue to down as two parts taking V shape (open
to down). (Since describing the disorder is difficult, I can fax
a drawing to whoever asks). The protrusion is on the 5 lumbar
vertebrae (may be on the second or third vertebra from bottom).
And, there is a hairy area (the size is about 5X5 cmXcm) on the
skin just over this vertebra. Some doctors say this protrusive
bone should be removed through surgical operation pointing out
the great possibility of a pressure on the spinal cord in the
future. Their argument is based on the assumption according to
which the growing rates of the vertebrae and spinal cord is
different. I am hoping to hear some useful advice to lead us to
the correct decision. The questions we are asking are: Is a
surgical operation inevitable? If so, what about the time and
places (hospitals)? Is cleaning the hairy area (through epilation
or in other way) may be harmful? Any information about
specialized operators? Thanks to all respondents.
--
Yusuf Yazar

From: Jerry Biehler <>
Date: 13 Dec 1995 07:17:02 GMT
Organization: N/A
Newsgroups: sci.electronics.repair
Message-ID: <4alule$>
References: 1 2 3 4

In article <4a9kp5$> Ryan Erickson, writes:
>On a side note: I have another friend who, after falling on ice, and
>hurt her arm, was having problems with nerves in her arm, and great pain.
>The specialists implanted electrodes in her spinal cord, hooked up to a
>device, which would administer 'zaps' or shocks. It was controlled by a
>magnet close to the device, and it could relieve pain in her arm. I
>suppose it's possible that this works in some similar fashion, but I'm
>skeptical.
>
>Ryan Erickson
>

My father had a slipped disk that causes him quite a but of pain. He has one
of these devices in his back for the pain he still has in his legs after three
back surgeries. He says it works. It operated by applying a pulsed current
directly to the spinal cord. The voltage is adjustable up to 10 volts but he
has never gone above about 1 volt. Also the pulse width is adjustable. I
believe what this device does is it basically masks the nerve impulse that
would be registered as pain. You might try a medical newsgroup to find out
more. This is all from memory...

-Jerry

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I know You believe You understand what You Think I said but I am not sure You
realize that what you heard is now what I meant.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jerry Biehler, , , Dundee, OR
http://www.teleport.com/~jbiehler/Home.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"The surest sign that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe is
that it has never tried to contact us." -- Calvin and Hobbes (Bill Watterson)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Editorís note: Ricardo is CURIOS and PERSISTENT. Heís POSITIVE that someday soon he will be cured.
Whatís interesting is that his questions are getting more specific. Would someone please respond to him? Thanks. Heís down in Brazil and has a fairly new injury--maybe a year or so. Here is his latest:
From: (Catolica - Laboratorio 5)
Date: 13 Dec 1995 05:09:50 -0800
Organization: BIOSCI International Newsgroups for Molecular Biology
Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91..1992A-100000@jazz>

Hi.
I'd like to know some things:

1) In 1993 Dr. Martin Schwab published in the Nature journal his results
about spinal cord regeneration on rats ... Does anybody know any progress
relating to his results ?
2) I heard last month some news from Russia. They were regenerating the
spinal cord there too. Does anybody know anything about research in
Russia ?
3) On the last neuroscience congress in Orlando, people decide to create
a company, called Acorda, that would accelerate the clinical trials of
promising results of researches. Does anybody know anything about this
company ?

Ricardo

Ed. hint: If you read Part V. below, of this issue, you will be well on your way to
answers at least to questions 1) and 3).

Iím always looking at alternative perspectives for routing the neural networks. Do plants
give us a clue?
Re: CAN PLANTS FEEL......PAIN??????
From: Sandra L Wegert <>
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 1995 16:03:53 -0700
Organization: The University of Arizona
Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience
Message-ID: <>
References: 1

> I'm a Dutch med-student at the University of Leuven in Belgium and I'm a
> bit confused. I know that plants got at least 5 major 'hormones', some
> of them being secreted when in a 'life' threatening situation. I do know
> plants lack any form of nervous system, but if you think of it: nerve cells
> are more or less like normal cells (they also got a membrane potential,
> only they can't fire...action-potentials)...In short what do I say to
> somebody attacking my vegan life style with this???????

Greetings...

Cool question. Plants certainly can respond to injury and they do transmit
impulses from one cell to the next, but this is not the same as feeling pain.
I think in order to "feel" pain, you have to have a brain, or some
centralized area to process and integrate incoming info, which plants DO NOT
have. I would even go so far as to say that in order to feel pain in any
kind of emotional way, one needs a pretty fancy brain (like, with a
cortex).
This is why anesthetics can be used for surgery in humans. During
surgery, pain impulses are initiated and sent to the spinal cord, but the
brain is "shut off" by the anesthetic, so no pain is felt. Certainly
animals feel pain, which is why a vegan lifestyle no doubt causes less
pain than if you ate animals! Hope this helps. Maybe a botanist would
know better?

Sandra

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ed. note: You might wonder why I included this ìCareer Opportunityî message. For me, at least, Iím always curious what kind of emphasis some of the companies in the industry are placing on their future, even though hirings may only be one of several indications.

From: (CareerMosaic)
Date: 22 Dec 1995 23:09:24 GMT
Organization: Bernard Hodes Advertising, Inc. http://www.careermosaic.com
Newsgroups: az.jobs,misc.jobs.offered
Message-ID: <>

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Our specialties include full-custom and cell-based custom designed Bipolar,
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Re: SELF-ACUPUNCTURE

From: (Lauri Gr|hn)
Date: 22 Dec 1995 09:08:04 +0200
Organization: Centre for Scientific Computing, Finland (CSC)
Newsgroups: misc.health.alternative
Message-ID: <4bdlgk$>
References: 1

> Dr. Beverly Rubik reviewed a very promising approach to explain the
>phenomenon of acupuncture within the western scientific paradigm. I
>happen to be familiar with another one, developed by Russian professor of
>Theoretical Biophysics from the Institute of Physics of Russian Academy of
>Science (D.S. Chernavski et al. "On Neurophysiological Mechanism of
>Acupuncture Therapy", publ. of Inst. of Physics Inst. of Russian Acad. of
>Sci., 1991, No150, pp 2-50).

There are a lot of nonsense in the name of Academy of Science
in Russia nowadays. The referee system may not be working.
>
> The authors based the theory on classical neurophysiological data and
>proved them to be non-contradictory compared to acupuncture ideology
>and clinical evidence. They paralleled the processes of sensory
>integration in the spinal cord (Rexed laminae) and the image recognition
>in a neurocomputer and succeeded to formalize the similarity. The theory

What "theory"?

>is now extended to explain the self-reflexotherapy method which has been
>successfully used for a decade in Russia for pain and stress relief and to
>stimulate immune system.

What "theory" has been used to "stimulate" immune system?

>KEYWORDS: conditioning, endorphins, melatonin, body weight, growth
>hormone, appetite suppressers, metabolism, thyroid stimulating hormone,
>exercise, fitness, stress, pain and a lot more

> To learn more about the method and the theory behind it E-mail to:

>

From: is06@PROBLEM_WITH_INEWS_DOMAIN_FILE (I. Stirling)
Date: 18 Dec 1995 19:55:51 GMT
Organization: University of Stirling
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Message-ID: <4b4h07$>
References: 1

Kalman Rubinson () wrote:
: Cobra () wrote:
: :
: : The theory of the device is that by applying electric pulses to a nerve,
: : that nerve will temporarily tune down its sensitivity.

: Up to here, you were on the ball. Current (sic) theory is that the low
: level signal stimulates the large A-alpha fibers which tend to block pain
: fiber activity by a feed-forward circuit in the spinal cord.
Whatever it is, it works, had a terrible abcess, on a weekend, much pain,
but had seen an article on this, thought Aha, obtained two spoons, placed one
on either end of gum affected, and connected to sig-gen output. Amazing
reduction/elimination of pain, that aspirin etc would not touch.
IIRC about 4V, at 1Khz or so.
: Kal

--
Ian Stirling. | http://web.students.stir.ac.uk/~is06
AKA Caeser, Bolonewbie. | Pretty sad at the moment, should get
| better tho.

A fight between good and evil, an epic battle. Darth vader and Luke,
suddenly in the middle of the fight, Darth pulls Luke to him, and whispers
"I know what youíre getting for Christmas Luke" Luke exclaims "But how ??!?"
"It's true Luke, I know What youíre getting for Christmas"
Luke tries to ignore this, but wrenches himself free, yelling "How could you
know this?", Vader replies "I felt your presents"

Need help for slice recording
From: minchun jiang <>
Date: Sun, 17 Dec 1995 00:00:06 -0600
Organization: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Newsgroups: bionet.neuroscience
Message-ID: <>
References: 1 2 3

I am a student. Recently, I started recording dorsal neurons from new born
rat with sharp electrode. I used standard method, as literature
described, to section the slice (400 micrometer thick) of spinal cord.
However, the neurons from these slices seemed weak. Usually, I could only
hold neurons for a few seconds and then the action potentials disappeared.

It will be greatly appreciated if someone out there has experience with
this preparation and would like to show me the correct way to section
the slice.

I also heard that some compound can help neuron recover from sectioning.
Please let me know the name of this compound if you know it.

Thank you in advance.

Minchun

Genetic Engineering News
June 15, 1995
Table of Contents

Genetic Engineering News Volume 15, No. 12 Table of Contents

1 New Biotech Company Dedicates Itself to Spinal Cord Injury Treatment and Repair 1
Europe's Health care Industry Sees Biotech as Cost-Effective 1 Complement-Inhibiting Protein Reduces Inflammatory Events 1 Morning-After Cream Might Lighten Sun's Darker Side 3 KPMG Reports New Bioindustry Segmentation Based on Market Sophistication 4 U.S. Biotechnology Industry Still Perceives The FDA as an Impediment to its Success 4 Mailbox 6 Incubators and Shakers Improve the Quantity of Cells and Their Mass 7 Market for Total Protein Assay Kits are Expected to Increase Through the '90s 8 Review of Major Innovations in Light Microscopy Over the Past Decade 12 BioProcess Tutorial: Biotechnology Applications of C- Terminal Protein Sequence Analysis 17 New Products 20 Wall $treet GENdex 23 People 24 Canada Watch 25 University Gene Beat 26 Partners and Projects 29 Clinical Trials Update 29 Collaborations & Agreements 30 Inside Industry 31 Calendar 32 Classified and Market Place

------------------------------------------------------------
From (Wayne Amisano)
Organization James Cook University
Date 27 Dec 95 08:09:18 GMT
Newsgroups rec.nude
Message-ID <>
References 1

Re: What Is A "Proud" Erection?

greetings Cynthia,

Cynthia Knight <> writes:

>Thanks for the feedback, guys.

[deleted]

>Being we know each other well, I have no problem with him being hard, but
>he worries about negative reactions from strangers.

I have been reading this thread with a certain amount of interest over the
past few weeks and have noticed many of the posts have just touched on the
subject of peoples reactions to erections without actually knowing why
they occur.. now we all know why erections occur, but most people seem to
equate erections to sexual excitement, but this may not always be the
case. i can only speak for myself here and not for an able bod, (i am a
paraplegic who has suffered a spinal cord injury at about the level of my
nipples) but i would just like to make the following explanation to show
people that what they perceive to be the case may not in fact be what they
are thinking.

Also, I would just like to say that I am not a medical expert, I m just
someone who has a spinal injury and am interested in the subject.

When a male suffers an SCI (spinal cord injury), his sexual functioning is
dramatically changed. The first thing to understand is that he may have*NO* feeling below the level of his injury. Almost all men who suffer a complete SCI, (cord totally severed) will be unable to obtain an erection. (maybe more women will be happy with
this type of male in their camp *shrug* i think not *giggle*) approx 85% of men who suffer an incomplete SCI (the cord not totally severed) will still be able to obtain
an erection.

Now we must look at how erections are obtained in the SCI male. An SCI
male may experience an erection in one of three ways.

The first type of erection that can occur is called a spastic erection.
this type of erection can occur at anytime, whether the person wishes it
or not. So therefore this type of erection is totally not under the
control of the person. Therefore, this type of erection will only go away
when it is good and ready and no sooner.

The second type of erection is called a relexogenic erection. This type
of erection works like this. The penis is stimulated and a message is
sent from the penis to the spinal cord, (on its way to the brain) but because
the cord is damaged, it does not get to the brain. Instead a reflex arc is
set up and a message gets sent back to the penis causing it to become
erect. In my experience, this type of erection will only go away when the
outside stimulation is stopped. (or if i have to go wee wee *giggle*)
while the stimulation is continued, the erection will remain..

The third type of erection is called a parasympathetic erection. The
sympathetic nervous system is another name for the central nervous
system. This nervous system is responsible for the bodies motor and
sensory functioning.. But along side this, running outside the spinal
column, is another nervous system called the parasympathetic nervous
system. It is responsible for the bodies involuntary functioning like
breathing. (i.e. maintaining the function of your diaphragm).

Normally, when a male obtains an erection from either sight, sound, smell
or fantasy, the brain sends a message to the penis to cause it to become
erect, but in the SCI male, this is not possible because the spinal cord is
broken. But in some instances, the message can bypass the lesion (break)
and travel down the parasympathetic nervous system. Therefore an erection
is obtained via sight, sound, smell or fantasy.

I hope this shows some people that an erection may not equal sexual
desire. Well not in me anyway. I hope that the preconception made by
many people that this is the case is handled in an adult manner. True it
may be the case in some instances, but those some instances are not always
the norm...

>He disagreed. To strengthen his argument, he brought up this silly notion
>about the 24-hour erection.

What about people who suffer from priaprism? (spelling)

What if a person with an SCI were to use a drug to help him maintain an
erection. Now this drug sometimes will keep him erection for 8 to 9
hours. If he were there with his partner, are they only allowed to have
sex at night when he is able to let said erection subside afterwards?
Come now people, don't be so narrow minded..

As Cynthia wrote, if the male is not touching it or not touching other
people with it, then i do not see any problem with it... You don't need
an erection to be sexually excited. As i read in another post, what about
a woman who has erect nipples? What about a woman who gets flushed
around her vaginal lips? Is she to be escorted from the camp as well? Who
is going to do the policing of this?

cheers de Wayne
--
Wayne Amisano (VK4KT) _-_|\\ Mail - GPO Box 1379, Townsville QLD 4810
Great Barrier Reef / \\ Phone - (GMT+1000)
Marine Park Authority. \_.-._/ Mobile -
Ours to use Wisely! v Fax -

Re: spinal cord regeneration

From (Wise Young)
Organization The Pipeline
Date 10 Dec 1995 23:19:09 -0500
Newsgroups bionet.neuroscience
Message-ID <4agbft$>
References 1

In article <4a4nuc$>, DAVID JON HESSELSCHWERDT writes:

>
>I am looking for information on a recent news story regarding an
>enzyme or enzyme blocker suspected of inhibiting spinal cord
>regeneration in patients with spinal cord injuries. Any informatwould be
appreciated, especially the source of the story and any
>means to contact them.
>
The story that was recently in the news may be "Recovery from spinal cord
injury mediated by antibodies to neurite growth inhibitors" by Barbara S.
Bregman, Ellen Kunkel-Bagden, Lisa Schnell, Hai Ning Dai, Da Gao, & Martin
Schwab, Nature 378: 498-501 (30 November 1995).

Wise

The next couple of articles originated at the NLM and were reviewed by Anna Peekstok:

Vertebral artery injury after acute cervical spine trauma: rate of occurrence as detected
by MR angiography and assessment of clinical consequences

Vertebral arteries in 37 patients with acute cervical injuries and 37 noninjured controls were examined with MR angiograms. Findings were abnormal in 9 patients (24%). Arterial injury was present in 50% of all patients with complete lesions, but only 12% of patients with incomplete injuries. These vascular injuries often remain clinically occult, but a small percentage of patients may suffer devastating intracranial neurologic complications. When arterial injury is indicated by MR, this risk must be weighed against the relative risks of correlative conventional angiography and systemic anticoagulant therapy. Because it can identify vascular abnormalities noninvasively, MR assessment of the vertebral arteries should be an integral part of the evaluation of the acutely injured cervical spine.
Friedman D, Flanders A, Thomas C, et al.
AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995 Feb;164(2):443-7; discussion 448-9

Tracheotomy ventilation versus diaphragmatic pacemaker ventilation in high spinal
cord injury

A review of 22 patients at a hospital in Toledo, Spain, compared the two methods of assisted ventilation for clinical outcome, cost, and subjective satisfaction. Mechanical ventilation (MV) was used by 13 patients; diaphragmatic pacemakers (DP) were used by 9. The functional status of the patients was the same with either treatment. Hospital discharge and satisfaction rates were
significantly higher for those using DP, while overall cost and time devoted to ventilatory
assistance were both lower for this group. Patients using MV had more bronchial secretions than
those using DP, perhaps due to irritation of the trachea by the tracheotomy tube.
Esclar'in A, Bravo P, Arroyo O, et al.
Paraplegia 1994 Oct;32(10):687-93

Intrathecal Morphine and Clonidine In The Management Of Spinal Cord Injury Pain: A Case Report:

A man experiencing chronic pain after SCI failed to respond to a variety of pain management approaches, including intrathecal administration of morphine. After
clonidine was added to the morphine administered by his intrathecal pump, the patient reported a marked decrease in pain. The importance of clonidine in pain management is well recognized, but systemic administration at a dose sufficient to produce analgesia can result in undesirable side effects. Intrathecal administration allows adequate concentrations of the drug at its desired site of action without high systemic levels. More study is necessary to determine the most effective concentration of the drug for optimal pain relief and to what extent its analgesic effect is influenced by the presence of opioids.
Siddall PJ, Gray M, Rutkowski S, et al.
Pain 1994 Oct;59(1):147-8

Re: Cepholopod intelligence???

From: (Mark Montague)
Date: 12 Dec 1995 17:15:53 GMT
Organization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
Newsgroups: sci.bio.misc
Message-ID: <4akdc9$>
References: 1 2 3 4

(Peter Yard) writes:

>I saw a Cousteau documentary about the Mediterranean, in one scene he was
>demonstrating the mamallian like behaviour (in a limited sense) of an octopus.
>And then he said that this was all done with a mere 800 neurons. This detail
>has sort of ricocheted through the back of my mind for years. If they do have
>only 800 neurons, how do they manage such complex behaviour as seen in animals
I think Jaques must have had some bad sushi that day... I'm not near
my cephalopod books right now, but if memory serves, they have
something in the 10^6-10^8 neurons range, comparable to lower mammals
like rats. Of course, they have different enough nervous systems that
just counting is not necessarily so appropriate-- no myelin, no spinal
cord, much more distributed ganglia. In fact, I remember reading that
the total number of neurons in the arms is more than that in the brain,
although the arms aren't capable of learning, just of reflex behaviors.

I think studying cephalopod nervous systems is important to get an
understanding of the general principles of advanced nervous systems,
since cephalopods are the most evolutionary separate creatures from
mammals which have developed any sort of "intelligence," so studying
them can show what properties of our nervous systems are just
consequences of our evolutionary history, as opposed to fundamentally
necessary for, say, learning abstraction or complex visual processing.

Plus, they have a lot of potential for mad scientist creations... I
WILL BUILD AN AARRRMMMYYYY OF GIANT SQUIDS TO CONQUER THE WORLD.
HAHAHAHAHA! [is this too silly for a "sci" group? Nah.]

(Ed. note: please take a look at the Scientific American article in the ìWhatís Newî
area at this site. Some good info about what we can learn from the Lamprey about
the human nervous system.)
- M

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Mark "Monty" Montague |
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"I gained nothing at all from Supreme Enlightenment, and for that very
reason it is called Supreme Enlightenment." -- Gotama Buddha
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