POSSIBLE LEADS TO S.C.I.

Special Appreciation to Dennis Stuart and for his volunteer work in doing the following:

By William McGinnis and Michael Kuziora
Jest of Article- Putting a human gene into a fly may sound like the basis for a science fiction film, but it demonstrates that nearly identical molecular mechanisms define body shapes in all animals.

Reference: Science News September 3 0,1995 VOL. 148 NO, 14 PAGES 209-224
Articles Name: The Ghost of Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire page 216

By John Travis.
Jest of Article: Vertebrates resemble upside-down insects. The genes that regulate the body design in insects and vertebrates are similar. As an example: A insects gene dpp's, in varying levels, determines cell fates during development The vertebrates equivalent was a gene called bmp-4. While operating in deferent regions, dorsal versus ventral, their function is similar.

Reference: Scientific American February 1995 PAGES 55-61
Articles Name-Molecular Machines that control genes.

By Robert Tjian
Jest of Article: The activities of our genes are tightly regulated by elaborate complexes of proteins that assemble on DNA. Pertubations in the normal operation of these assemblies can lead to disease.

Reference: Scientific American June 1993 PAGES 62-68
Articles Name- The Centrosome.

By David M. Glover, Cayetano Gonzalez and Jordan W.Raff
Jest of Article- By directing the assembly of a cell's skeleton, this organelle controls division, Motility and shape. The details of its structure and function we just beginning to emerge.

Reference: Scientific American January 1993 PAGES 82-89
Articles Name, Carbohydrates in Cell recognition.

By Nathan Sharon and Halina Lis
Jest of Article: Telltale surface sugars enable cells to identify and interact with one another. New drugs aimed at those carbohydrates could stop infection and inflammation.

Reference: Scientific American September 1994 PAGES 54-63
Articles Name: The Machinery of Cell Crawling.

By Thomas P Stossel
Jest of Article: When a cell crawls, part of its fluid cytoplasm briefly turns rigid.. This transformation depends on the orderly assembly and disassembly of a protein scaffold.

Reference: Scientific American March 1994 PAGES 52-59
Articles Name: Targeted Gene Replacement

By Mario R. Capecchi
Jest of Article: Researchers can now create mice bearing any chosen mutations in any known gene. The technology is revolutionizing the study of mammalian biology.

Reference: Scientific American November 1995 PAGES 54-61
Articles Name: The Brain's Immune System.

By Wolfgang J. Streit and Carol A. Kincaid-Colton
Jest of Article: It consists of cells called microglia that are normally protective but can be surprisingly destructive. The cells may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and to the dementia of AIDS.

Reference: Scientific American February 1993 PAGES 80-84
Articles Name: Breaching the Blood-Brain Barrier

By Elaine Tuomanen
Jest of Article.- Development of a therapy for meningitis has revealed how bacteria penetrate the blood-brain barrier. This knowledge may help physicians treat other disorders of the brain.

Reference: Scientific American January 1996 PAGES 64-69
Articles Name: Neural Networks for Vertebrate Locomotion.

By Sten Grillner
Jest of Article: The motions @mals use to swim, nm and fly are controlled by specialized neural networks. For jawless fish known as the lamprey, the circuitry has been worked out.

Reference: Discover November 1983
Article Name: To Starve a Tumor

By Denise Grady
Jest of article: Controlling the growth of blood vessels may help victims of cancer, heart attacks, arthritis and blindness. Relate to: Angiogenesis Factor

Reference: Science Digest May 1983 page 88
Articles Name: Healing Factor Found
Jest of Article: The Answer to. What causes blood vessels to generally grow into an injured area? Relates to: Angiogenesis Factor

Reference: Science Digest July 1983 page 90
Articles Name Tumor Tactics Uncovered.
Jest of Article: Protein called vascular permeability factor, which causes surrounding blood vessels to become superporous found.

Reference: Science News October 28,1995 VOL, 148,NO. 18 PAGES 273-288
Articles Name: How Brain cells make up their minds.

By John Travis Page 284
Jest of Article: Genetic switch found in fruit flys that determine if cell becomes a neuron or glia. the switch is called glied cells missing, or gcm.

Reference: Science News January 20,1996 VOL.149, NO.3 PAGES 33-48
Articles Name: Nervous system protein falsely accused.

By Kathleen Fackelmann and Lisa Seachrist. Page 47
Jest of Article: Protein falsely accused of preventing the regeneration of nerves. Says Schachner "There is no evidence that MAG is a major inhibitor of regeneration in the CNS." As aresult, she adds, antibodies or other molecules that interfere with MAG are unlikely to be of much use in treating individuals paralyzed by spinal cord damage.

Reference: New Mobility Volume 7 Number 29 February 1996
Articles Name - SCI CURE: The Top Leads

By Sam Maddox Pages 35-39
Jest of Article: SCI Scar tissue at lesion sites not so, falsehood, only modest scaring

Reference: Science News September 30, 1995 VOL. 148, NO. 14 PAGES 209-224
Articles Name: Telling left from right in chick embryos page 223

By John Travis.
Jest of Article: Discovered that proteins are made on the left or right side of the embryo. Help to mark the early molecular pathways that determines left-right asymmetry in the adult animal.

Reference: Science News October 14, 1995 PAGES 241-256
Articles Name: Nobel prize for genes that shape embryos.

Page 246 By J. Travis
Jest of Article: Nobel prize won for unearthing the assorted genes that govern the development of fruit fly embryos. Insect genes have counterparts in vertebrates, namely, many of the so-called HOX genes.. Some human HOX genes can even substitute for the corresponding insect gene during fruit fly embryogenesis.

Reference: Science News August 26,1995 VOL 148 NO.9 PAGES 129-144
Article Name- Monkeying around with stem cells Page 139

By John Travis
Jest of Article: Capable of living almost forever in test tubes while remaining capable of differentiating into any type of tissue. Embryonic Stem cells can be placed back into embryos with out harming the embryo.

Reference: Discover Magazine February 1984
Articles Name: New parts for damaged brains. Page 68

By Kevin McKean
Jest of Article: Tiny slivers of fetal brain tissue , transplanted into the brains of adults, may someday be used to treat Parkinson's disease, senility, and other nervous system disorders.

Reference: Scientific American September 1979 PAGES 112-133
Articles Name: The Development of the Brain.

By W. Maxwell Cowan
Jest of Article: As the human brain develops in utero it gains neurons at the rate of hundreds of thousands a minute. One problem of neurobiology is how the neurons find their place and make the right connections.

Possibility: Part of the article on page 124 seems to suggest that tissue from an embryo would preferentially grow when tissue is related to site of injury.

Reference: Science News October 21,1995 VOL. 148 NO. 17 PAGES 257-272
Articles Name: Slipping past the immune centurions Page 263

By J. Raloff
Jest of Article: The immune system seems to grant privilege to cells like brain, testes and eyes. Instead the tissues appear to produce a molecule, known as Fas ligand, that will kill immune cells that approach with destructive intent.

Reference: Science News December 2,1995 VOL. 148, NO. 23 PAGES 369-384
Article Name: Young rats fill in holes in the brain. Page 380

By JohnTravis
Jest of Article: Investigators removed part of the brain of rats slightly more than a week old, The young rodents grow new nerve cells, or neurons, and recover almost completely, claim Canadian researchers. " It tells us it's possible in the mammal to regrow an injured brain" assert Bryan Kolb of the University of Lethbridge in Alberta. Optimism should be cautious.

Reference: MOSAIC October 1980 PAGES 11-17
Articles Name: When Neurons are Damaged. Page 11

By David Zimmerman
Jest of Article: Nerve Regeneration -a treatment for Paraplegia-is still far off But it is no longer considered beyond question.
The guide of rules to signify proof of functional regeneration of spinal neurons - A researcher must demonstrate:

• a: That the experimental lesion caused disconnection of the nerve processes.
  

  • b: That the new central nervous system fibers bridge the level of the injury and make junctional contacts as demonstrated by anatomical studies
    

    • c: That the regenerated fibers also can be shown to generate nerve responses across the injury.
      

      • d: That some functional change- preferably for the better- can be shown to result from new connections.

      Reference: Science News November 25,1995 VOL 148, NO.22 PAGES 353-368
      Articles Name: Molecular visions help rodent eyesight.
      

      By John Travis
      Jest of Article: In rats, (NGF), nerve growth factor can partly substitute for the early visual experiences that usually guide the proper development of vision, researchers report.

      Reference: Science Digest May 1983 Page 87
      Article Name: Cut nerves fixed with cellular goo.
      Jest of Article: Using a patient's own blood and a laser, surgeons can now reattach severed nerves by "gluing" them together.

      Reference: Science 81 Page 104
      Article Name: How do cells know what to become?
      

      By Ben Patrusky
      Jest of Article: The nucleus, the cytoplasm, or the membrane. Which controls differentiation. Each is essential: each strongly affects the others, but how will likely remain a mystery for a time longer.

      Reference: Scientific American March 1996
      Articles Name: Budding vesicles in living cells. Pages 70-75
      

      By James E. Rothman and Lelio Orci
      Jest of Article: A transatlantic collaboration has uncovered the machinery responsible for forming the tiny but essential containers, or vesicles, that store proteins and shuttle them to and fro in cells.
      New Research Tools And Improvements:

      Reference:Science News January 6, 1996 VOL.149, NO.1 PAGES 1-16
      Article Name:New microcoil enhances NMR sensitivity page 4
      

      By R. Lipkin
      Jest of Article: NMR will permit accurate analysis of tiny samples. To a biological molecule, a nanoliter might as well be an ocean. But to molecular biologists, one-billionth of a liter is a voltume so restricted that accurate chemical analysis of it can become an exercise in frustration.

      Reference: Science News January 13,1996 PAGES 17-32
      Article Name: Building structures molecule by molecule. Page 22
      

      By R. Lipkin
      Jest of Article- A way found to position the individual molecules into stable, predefined patterns without disrupting the bonds that hold the molecules together. Nanofabrication.

      Reference:: Discover August 1983 Page 64
      Articles Name: The Kindest Cut
      Jest of Article: An ultraviolet laser that would cut through tissue without damaging surrounding tissue.

      Reference:Science News Febuary 3,1996 VOL. 149,NO.5 PAGES 65-80
      Article Name: Carbon dioxide can help dissolve proteins. Page 71
      

      By R.Lipkin
      Jest of Article: For the first time, researchers have demonstrated that heated, pressurized carbon dioxide can dissolve proteins..... Alan J Russell says," If a techique can selectively pull molecules of caffeine out of a mixture as complex as a coffee bean, then perhaps the same technique could be used to pull a specific protein out of a group of cells.

      Reference: High Technology January 1983 Page 65-70
      Articles Name: Conductive Polymers Imitate Metals.
      

      By H. Garrett DeYoung
      Jest of Article - Plastics with the conductive properties of metals, Possible applications: Electical Field experiments that use an applied negative field to cause nerve regrowth, Functional Stimulation of Muscles.

      Reference: High Technology January 1983 page 28
      Articles Name: Polymers release drugs continuously.
      

      By Robert Hildebrand
      Jest of Article: New drug systems deliver optimum dose with fewer side effects.